Emerson, Ralph Waldo. "The American Scholar".

Doctrine

- One Man present to all particular men only partially, or trough one faculty

- the divided or social state distributes the functions (e.g. priest, scholar, statesman) to individuals who perform only their portions of work

- man is thus metamorphosed into a thing, into many things

- the scholar is here Man Thinking

Education of a Scholar

(1) nature: the scholar is the most sensitive to this spectacle

(2) books: the mind of the Past

- books are written not by Man Thinking, but by thinkers

- books for nothing but to inspire

- books look backward and not forward

- only Man Thinking sets out from accepted dogmas

(3) action

- subordinate with the scholar, but essential

- virtue of labour

- actions lead to gaining insight

Duties of a Scholar

- Man Thinking is to guide men

- Man Thinking is free and brave (to express his opinions)

- Man Thinking wakes those seeking money and power so that they should quit the false good and leap to the true

- self-trust, importance of an individual