Introduction into Stylistics.

Stylistics

- stylistics = linguistic discipline conc. with functional styles

- style = a self-conscious choice, logical arrangement and employment of language means wrt the situation, function, intention of the author, and content of the message

- language means /jazykové prostředky/:

(a) linguistic (lexical, grammatical, phonological)

(b) paralinguistic: graphical layout, pace of speech, etc.

- stylistic factors /slohotvorní činitelé/: writing x speech; dialogue x monologue; presence x absence of the addressee; appeal to reason x emotions; etc.

- the crucial factor is function

- borders btw the styles largely overlap

- styles susceptible to any changes of society

- more flexible than the lexical, grammatical, or phonological systems

> the Prague Linguistic Circle & B. Havránek (1930s)

> D. Crystal & D. Davy (1960s, British): concepts of the field of discourse (i.e. function), mode of discourse (i.e. written x spoken), tenor of discourse (i.e. formal x informal)

> J. P. Vinay & J. Darbelnet (1960s, French Canadian): confrontation of French x English stylistics

Functional Styles

(A) Matter-of-fact Styles /věcně sdělné/: little aesthetic intention or none at all

    > Special, Technical Styles /odborné/:

            >> Administrative Style /administrativní/:

                    >>> business style /obchodní/

                    >>> the style of legal documents /právnický/

                    >>> directive style /vyhláškový/

          >> Educational Style /naučný/:

                >>> scientific /vědecký/

                >>> popular scientific /populárně vědecký/

                >>> instructive /návodový/

    > Informative Styles /informativní/:

        >> Newspaper Style /žurnalistický/:

            >>> the style of news /zpravodajský/

            >>> the style of titles /titulkový/

            >>> the style of advertisements /inzerátový/

        >> Publicistic Style /publicistický/:

            >>> the style of essays /úvahový/

            >>> the style of belles-lettres /beletristický/

        >> Colloquial Style /hovorový/

(B) Literary Styles /esteticky sdělné; umělecké/: direct or indirect aesthetic intention

> the style of belles-lettres